Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II (BP301T)

1. Introduction to Aromatic Carboxylic Acids

Aromatic carboxylic acids are compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) directly attached to an aromatic ring. Benzoic acid is the simplest example.

2. Preparation of Aromatic Acids

• Oxidation of alkyl benzene
• Hydrolysis of nitriles
• Grignard reaction with CO₂

3. Acidity of Aromatic Acids

Aromatic acids are acidic due to resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion. Substituents influence acidity depending on their electron-withdrawing or donating nature.

4. Chemical Reactions of Aromatic Acids

• Esterification
• Formation of acid chlorides
• Reduction reactions
• Decarboxylation

5. Introduction to Sulphonic Acids

Sulphonic acids are organic compounds containing the sulphonic functional group (-SO₃H) attached to an aromatic ring.

6. Preparation of Aromatic Sulphonic Acids

Aromatic sulphonic acids are prepared by sulphonation of benzene and its derivatives using concentrated sulphuric acid.

7. Properties and Reactions of Sulphonic Acids

• Highly acidic in nature
• Formation of sulphonamides
• Desulphonation reactions

8. Pharmaceutical Importance

Aromatic acids and sulphonic acids are important intermediates in the synthesis of sulfonamide antibiotics, dyes, and various medicinal compounds.