Respiratory disorders affect the airways, lungs, and respiratory muscles, leading to impaired ventilation and gas exchange. These disorders can be acute or chronic in nature.
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by reversible airway obstruction, bronchospasm, and increased mucus secretion.
COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by chronic airflow limitation. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung parenchyma caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, leading to consolidation of lung tissue.
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs.
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces, resulting in impaired gas exchange.
Respiratory failure occurs when the respiratory system fails to maintain adequate oxygenation or carbon dioxide elimination.
Knowledge of respiratory disorders helps pharmacists in the use of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and other respiratory drugs for effective patient management.