Biochemistry (BP203T)

1. Introduction to Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are high molecular weight biological macromolecules responsible for storage and transmission of genetic information. The two main types are DNA and RNA.

2. Components of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are composed of repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of:

• Nitrogenous base
• Pentose sugar
• Phosphate group

3. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

DNA is a double-stranded helical molecule composed of two antiparallel strands. It carries genetic information required for growth, development, and reproduction.

4. Structure of DNA

• Double helix model proposed by Watson and Crick
• Complementary base pairing (A–T, G–C)
• Hydrogen bonding between bases

5. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

RNA is usually single-stranded and plays a vital role in protein synthesis. Types of RNA include mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

6. Functions of Nucleic Acids

• Storage of genetic information
• Transmission of hereditary traits
• Protein synthesis

7. Pharmaceutical Importance

Nucleic acids are important targets in chemotherapy and antiviral therapy. Many drugs act by interfering with DNA replication or RNA synthesis.