Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry – I (BP202T)
Definition, classification, nomenclature, preparation, physical and chemical properties of alkyl halides, nucleophilic substitution reactions (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions, and pharmaceutical importance.
Alkyl halides are organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane are replaced by halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. They are important intermediates in organic synthesis.
Alkyl halides are named according to IUPAC rules by considering the halogen as a substituent on the parent alkane chain.
Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions where the halogen atom is replaced by a nucleophile.
In elimination reactions, alkyl halides lose a halogen atom and a hydrogen atom to form alkenes. These reactions compete with substitution reactions.
Alkyl halides are widely used as intermediates in the synthesis of drugs, anesthetics, and pharmaceutical raw materials.