The number system includes natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. These form the foundation of all arithmetic calculations.
Fractions represent parts of a whole, while decimals are another way of expressing fractions. Conversion between fractions and decimals is essential for pharmaceutical calculations.
Percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. It is widely used in pharmacy for concentration, strength, and dosage calculations.
Ratio compares two quantities, while proportion expresses equality between two ratios. These concepts are crucial in formulation and compounding calculations.