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Pharmaceutical Analysis I

Unit IV – Acid–Base Titrations

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1. Acid–Base Titrations

Acid–base titrations are volumetric analytical methods based on the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. The end point is detected using suitable indicators.

2. Theory of Acid–Base Indicators

Acid–base indicators are weak organic acids or bases that exhibit different colors in acidic and basic media. Common indicators include methyl orange, phenolphthalein, and bromothymol blue.

3. Types of Acid–Base Titrations

4. Selection of Indicators

The choice of indicator depends on the nature of the acid and base involved and the pH at the equivalence point of the titration.

5. Applications of Acid–Base Titrations

Acid–base titrations are widely used for the assay of pharmaceutical substances, estimation of alkalinity or acidity, and quality control of raw materials.